Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism

Implementation and Evaluation of Competency-based Medical Education in Phase I of Undergraduate Medical Curriculum

KRISHNAMURTHY SOUNDARIYA; GANAPATHY KALAISELVAN; MAHENDRAN RAJALAKSHMI; RAGHAVAN SINDHURI

Volume 10, Issue 4 , October 2022, , Pages 228-234

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.94999.1616

Abstract

Introduction: Adaptation to the “Competency-based Medical Education” (CBME) is a major challenge faced by medicalcolleges all over India. Hence, the present study aimed ... Read More

Explanation of the professional development process of general surgery residents in the operating rooms: A situational analysis

LEILA SADATI; SHAHRAM YAZDANI; BABACK SABET; PEIGHAM HEIDARPOOR

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2022, , Pages 191-198

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.91510.1448

Abstract

Introduction: Numerous factors and elements are effective in the professional development of any field of study, including the educational structure, the individual characteristics ... Read More Introduction: Numerous factors and elements are effective in the professional development of any field of study, including the educational structure, the individual characteristics of learners, and the educational atmosphere prevalent in the educational environment. Understanding each of these factors and elements and the relationships among them can guide educational system administrators in the direction of professional development. Surgical residents’ professional development is no exception to this rule. As a consequence, the present research sought to explain and suggest a model for surgical assistant professional growth in Iranian operating rooms.Methods: The present research was a grounded theory study based on a post-positivist approach, in which data analysis was performed using Clark’s situational analysis methodology by drawing three maps, situational map, social worlds/arenas map, and positional map.Results: In the presence of human and non-human factors, cultural, political, historical, and social components, the ordered situational map demonstrated the complexity of the operating room learning environment. The social worlds/arenas map confirmed the existence of several communities of practice wherein surgical residents were present with different power roles, and the positional map showed role of the educational level in the acquisition of thecompetence in the professional development pathway. Finally, the Triple Helix model of professional development was extracted, which has three components: psychological identity, social identity, and surgical competency.Conclusion: The surgical residents’ professional development in operating rooms occurs due to the acquisition of surgicalcompetency along with the growth of individuals and socialization. As a result, all factors and components impacting the residents’ competence development process in this learning environment must be identified and their linkages clarified.

Basis, Process and Outcomes of a Student Involvement Project for Curriculum Review at the Imperial College School of Medicine

SHARAN J KAPADIA; LANA AL-NUSAIR

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2022, , Pages 211-215

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.94921.1613

Abstract

Introduction: To help create a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) curriculum centred around the student voice, the Imperial College School of Medicine (ICSM) recruited ... Read More

Hidden Curriculum in Medical Residency Programs: A Scoping Review

GHADIR POURBAIRAMIAN; SHOALEH BIGDELI; SEYED KAMRAN SOLTANI ARABSHAHI; NIKOO YAMANI; ZOHREH SOHRABI; FAZLOLLAH AHMADI; JOHN SANDARS

Volume 10, Issue 2 , April 2022, , Pages 69-82

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.92478.1486

Abstract

Introduction: Hidden curriculum is important in medical education and has numerous, long-lasting effects on medical residency. The present scoping review seeks to investigate, identify, ... Read More

Live demonstration versus multimedia: A comparison of two educational methods of orthodontic dental cast trimming

ALIREZA ALIZADEH; MOSTAFA SHEIKHI; MOHAMMAD MASOUD VAKILI; AZIN NOURIAN

Volume 10, Issue 2 , April 2022, , Pages 120-125

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.91561.1450

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two educational methods: live practical and multimedia demonstrations of dental cast trimming.Methods: In ... Read More Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two educational methods: live practical and multimedia demonstrations of dental cast trimming.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, all 44 dental students from Zanjan University Dental School who were studying in the 8th semester entered the study. Using simple randomization, weassigned them to two groups. Multimedia and live demonstrations were used in the intervention (n=21) and control (n=23) groups, respectively. Knowledge of students was assessed using pretestand post-test. Practical skills were compared using the students’ final semester scores. The Individual Development and Educational Assessment questionnaire was used to assess the students’ reaction to instruction. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation, and independent and paired t-tests were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: In terms of knowledge, the pre-test scores of the intervention and control groups were not significantly different (P=0.457), and the post-test scores of the two intervention and control groups had no significant difference (P=0.053); however, in both intervention and control groups there was a significant difference between the scores before and after the test, and the scores of both groups increased after training (P=0.001, P=0.001). In terms of practical skills, no significant difference was observed in the mean and standard deviation of the scores in the two groups (P=0.902). There was no significant difference in terms of the students’ reaction to instruction. Conclusion: All students passed this course successfully. Further, their knowledge and skills were improved in both groups. Similar to the live practical demonstration, that of the multimedia led to apositive reaction to instruction in students. Therefore, multimedia education can be used well with the traditional method and even replaces it.

Education of nursing profession amid COVID-19 Pandemic: A qualitative study

MARYAM TOLYAT; SEYYED ABOLFAZL VAGHARSEYYEDIN; MARYAM NAKHAEI

Volume 10, Issue 1 , January 2022, , Pages 39-47

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.90779.1422

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic is the main challenge with which the education systems in the world have ever faced. Furthermore, nursing students and nurse educators have ... Read More

Virtual reality-based medical education versus lecture-based method in teaching start triage lessons in emergency medical students: Virtual reality in medical education

SAMAN BEHMADI; FARIBA ASADI; MARYAM OKHOVATI; ROGHAYE ERSHAD SARABI

Volume 10, Issue 1 , January 2022, , Pages 48-53

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.89269.1370

Abstract

Introduction: Epidemics such as the recent one, COVID-19, have caused a change in education and its methods. Virtual simulation is one of the types of technology used in medical ... Read More Introduction: Epidemics such as the recent one, COVID-19, have caused a change in education and its methods. Virtual simulation is one of the types of technology used in medical education andrelated sciences. Virtual simulation provides practical and clinical medical education in a safe, cost-effective, reproducible, and flexible learning environment where students can practice over and over in a standard environment. This study was conducted to compare the effect of virtual-based medical education versus lecture-based method in teaching start triage lessons in emergency medical students in educational and medical centers affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences Ferdows, Paramedical School, in 2020.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. All 44 students of emergency medicine registered for triage course participated in the study. They were divided into two homogenous groups whichwere matched based on their grade point average. The simple triage and rapid transport (START) triage course was taught in the traditional way- lecture based- from the beginning of the semesterto the middle of the semester; then, the other group (simulationbased) was trained in the second half of the same semester using virtual simulation. Results: The students’ rate of learning was measured by their scores at the end of the course exam in both groups. The mean scores of virtual simulation-based education were slightly higher than those of the lecture-based education, but it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The students were more satisfied with virtual simulation-based education than the lecture-based and the difference between the mean scores of satisfaction was statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that VR can effectively improve knowledge in undergraduate emergency student’s education, but it was not more effective than traditionaleducational methods. More experimental studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm that virtual simulation-based education can more effectively improve knowledge in teaching practical lessons such as triage.

Current Final Year Medical Students’ Response to the Varying Attitudes towards Small Group Tutorial Classes Used in Medical Schools in India

SIMAL ASHER; MOHAMMED BILAL KHAN; KHADIJA HAMID; KIRANDEEP SAHAJPAL; FOZIA KHAN; JUNAYD QADEER

Volume 10, Issue 1 , January 2022, , Pages 66-67

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.92492.1491

Abstract

With great interest, we read the article by Shivananda et al on the differing perspectives of medical students to small group tutorial classes in India,1 and we thank the authors for ... Read More

Design and Evaluation of DentAll Mobile Software for Dental Education

PARISA JALALI; ZEINALABEDIN GHOLIZADEH; MINOU KOUH SOLTANI; MARYAM KOUHSOLTANI

Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2021, , Pages 221-229

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.90771.1423

Abstract

Introduction: The use of new learning methods to improve the educational processes is inevitable in the field of dentistry. Due to the positive effects of mobile learning ... Read More Introduction: The use of new learning methods to improve the educational processes is inevitable in the field of dentistry. Due to the positive effects of mobile learning on the students’ learning and skills, we decided to design a software in the required areas. Considerations of systemic diseases, medications, emergencies, prophylaxis, tests interpretation, lesions diagnosis, cephalometric,and cast analysis were the topics required.Methods: This semi-experimental study was carried out in Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2020. DentAll software was developed using Android Studio software. It is an educational and decision-making support system. The satisfaction and perceptions of 10 professors, 5 post-graduate students, and 30 senior dental students about the designed software were assessed using a questionnaire based on a 5-part Likert scale. The senior students were invited and the pre-test was taken to assess the students’ knowledge; then, the designed software was provided by the administrator. At the end of the process, the post-test was taken. Paired samples t-test was used to compare the results of the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0. The significance level was established at a p <0.05.Results: The mean scores of the pre-test and post-test were 16.5±1.49 and 18.2±0.99, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the difference between the mean scores of the pretest and post-test was statistically significant (p <0.001). 46.7% of the professors and post-graduate students expressed their overall satisfaction as very high, 46.7% as high, and 6.7% as average. Furthermore, 50% of the students expressed their overall satisfaction as very high, 36.7% as high, and 13.3% as moderate. Conclusion: The designed comprehensive software satisfied the students and the professors who used it and the students’ scores increased after use. This software had capabilities such as easy access to the resources, learning anytime and anywhere, increasing the students’ interest and motivation, etc. from the point of view of the commentators. To the best of our knowledge, thiscomprehensive educational aid has not been designed previously and it was effective in improving the students’ learning, scientific knowledge and treatment planning.

Postgraduate Physiotherapy Training in a Quandary - Ramifications of Corona virus pandemic Lockdown: A Survey-based Study

SHAILESH GARDAS; SHRUTI NAIR; POTHIRAJ PITCHAI; VRUSHALI PANHALE

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2021, , Pages 144-153

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.89189.1367

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted clinical services and postgraduate training across the world. Hence, this survey was conducted to understand ... Read More Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted clinical services and postgraduate training across the world. Hence, this survey was conducted to understand the impact of pandemic on Physiotherapy post-graduate (PG) education.Methods: It was a cross-sectional, observational study. A total of 254 Physiotherapy PG trainees were recruited through snowball sampling from Physiotherapy colleges across the state of Maharashtra. A 34-item structured questionnaire was developed, based on available literature, to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on four domains: academic training, clinical training, research activities, and concerns faced by a PG trainee. The face validity of this questionnaire was assessed by six academicians and their suggestions were examined. Subsequently, it was pilotedon five PG trainees before administering it to the participants. The validated questionnaire was then circulated via various social media platforms and personal contacts using Google form. Descriptive statistics were summarized as frequencies/percentages. McNemar’s test was used to determine the differences on a dichotomous dependent variable between the two related groups using SPSS software.Results: Overall 131 trainees provided complete responses. Although 85% (n=111) of them claimed they attended PG teaching activities through online mode, almost 67% (n=101) disagreed tohave achieved their learning objectives. A vast majority (91%,n=119) of them felt that their specialty related practical training was severely affected, and 98% (n=129) reported that reduced caseload had impacted their clinical learning. Also, 70% (n=54) of final year PGs had difficulty in recruiting new participants for their dissertation. Spread of infections to family (98%), commuting inpublic transport (98%), uncertainty about exam dates (91%), and competency development in specialty areas (96%) were some of their concerns.Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had impacted various domains of Physiotherapy PG program such as academic, clinical and research areas. Regulatory authorities should take serious consideration and devise strategies to overcome it.

Exploring the educational challenges in emergency medical students: A qualitative study

ALI AFSHARI; MASOUD KHODAVEISI; EFAT SADEGHIAN

Volume 9, Issue 2 , April 2021, , Pages 79-84

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2021.88535.1344

Abstract

Introduction: Emergency medical services (EMS) are provided in the difficult and unpredictable conditions of prehospital settings. Therefore, EMS students need to receive ... Read More

Surgical residents’ challenges with the acquisition of surgical skills in operating rooms: A qualitative study

LEILA SADATI; SHAHRAM YAZDANI; PEIGHAM HEIDARPOOR

Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 34-43

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2020.87464.1308

Abstract

Introduction: Training in operating rooms is challenging. Specifically, surgical residents often experience a stressful environment in training arenas that, in turn, might ... Read More

Academic procrastination; it may be more than meets the eye

LAILA DANESH; HOSNA SHERZAI; AMINA MUSHTAQ; MARIAM AL-JUMAILY; SANA HASHEMI; DOST JABARKHYL

Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 59-60

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2020.86256.1231

Abstract

We read, with great interest, the article by Hayat et al. (1). We are glad that such a pertinent issue is finally being explored. As medical students, we are aware of ... Read More

Seven Factors Affecting Medical Undergraduate Students’ Performance in Academics: A Study Using Ron Fry Questionnaire in Eastern India

ABHISHEK DAS; SHUVRO BHATTACHARYA; ARANI CHAKRABORTY

Volume 8, Issue 4 , October 2020, , Pages 158-164

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2020.86444.1239

Abstract

Introduction: Undergraduate medical students are adult learners facing various assessments through examination during academic course, but the result is unsatisfactory. This ... Read More Introduction: Undergraduate medical students are adult learners facing various assessments through examination during academic course, but the result is unsatisfactory. This study aimed at identifyingthe gaps in academics and finding out areas for improvement among the identified factors affecting the students’ performance.Methods: A questionnaire survey prospective, cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire- based study was conducted among the 3rd semester undergraduate students (N=215) in a Government Medical College of Eastern India by census method using predesigned, pretested, validated tool designed by Ron Fry. A total of 200 students participated in this study. A closed questionnaire containing 28 questions with dichotomous options was distributed. Data collected were tabulated in MS Excel spreadsheet and evaluated according to the proposed guidelines on seven factors: concentration, comprehension, test anxiety, organization, research aptitude, computer skill, and taking notes. Statistical significance of the data distribution among different groups was estimated using Chi-square tests in MS Excel 2010 software, and p Results: Among 200 participants (response rate=93%), 196 were (Male=142, Female=54) accepted; the respondats’ age range was 18-22 years. Of them, 48 students obtained honours marks (≥75% inany subject). 137 (69.9%) students had lacunae in any of the abovementioned domains, comprehension (97.9%) being the highest. The major determining factors were test anxiety along with note taking and concentration. The differences between the males and females regarding concentration (P=0.008) and note taking (P=0.009) were statistically significant. Test anxiety was the differentiating factor (P=0.013) between honours and non-honours candidates.Conclusion: Researches worldwide have identified extrinsic, intrinsic, personal, and miscellaneous factors affecting the students’ performances. This is a multifaceted issue which can be managed individually. Few of the most important determinants were dealt with in this study. To perform well, every student should understand what to learn, what to remember, and how to represent in examinations. This study will help the education authorities to guide the students and implement Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) based on Attitude, Ethics, and Communication (AETCOM) module in India.

Preparing practical in-person evidence-based journal club in COVID-19 crisis

SEYYED SAEED KHABIRI

Volume 8, Issue 3 , July 2020, , Pages 146-147

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2020.86217.1225

Abstract

While during the Corona virus, most jobs closed, and according to the policies to reduce crowding, most education sessions such as clinical rounds, Morning Reports, and journal Clubs ... Read More

Exploring the challenges of professional identity formation in clinical education environment: A qualitative study

FATEMEH KESHMIRI; SHERVIN FARAHMAND; FATEMEH BAHRAMNEZHAD; HOOMAN HOSSEIN-NEJAD NEDAEI

Volume 8, Issue 1 , January 2020, , Pages 42-49

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.74806.0

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the challenges of professional identity formation at clinical education environments from the faculty members’ viewpoints.Methods: ... Read More

Student’s perceptions of using scenario-based education to improve civility: A mixed method study

ZAHRA ABEDINI; SOROOR PARVIZY

Volume 7, Issue 4 , October 2019, , Pages 165-174

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.74933.

Abstract

Introduction: Academic incivility is one of the major concerns among nursing student that disrupts the learning process and influences the quality of nursing care. Investigating ... Read More

Combination of different clinical reasoning tests in a national exam

ANAHITA SADEGHI; ALI ALI ASGARI; NEZARALI MOULAEI; VAHID MOHAMMADKARIMI; SOMAYEH DELAVARI; MITRA AMINI; SETAREH NASIRI; ROGHAYEH AKBARI; MOJGAN SANJARI; IRAJ SEDIGHI; PARISA KHOSHNEVISASL; MANOUCHEHR KHOSHBATEN; SAEED SAFARI; LEILY MOHAJERZADEH; PARISA NABEIEI; BERNARD CHARLIN

Volume 7, Issue 4 , October 2019, , Pages 230-234

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.83101.1083

Abstract

Introduction: Clinical reasoning as a critical and high level of clinical competency should be acquired during medical education, and medical educators should attempt to assess ... Read More Introduction: Clinical reasoning as a critical and high level of clinical competency should be acquired during medical education, and medical educators should attempt to assess this ability in medical students. Nowadays, there are several ways to evaluate medical students’ clinical reasoning ability in different countries worldwide. There are some well-known clinical reasoning tests such as Key Feature (KF), Clinical Reasoning Problem (CRP), Script Concordance Test (SCT), and Comprehensive Integrative Puzzle (CIP). Each of these tests has its advantages and disadvantages. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of combination of clinical reasoning tests SCT, KF, CIP, and CRP in one national exam and the correlation between the subtest scores of these tests together with the total score of the exam.Methods: A total of 339 high ranked medical students from 60 medical schools in Iran participated in a national exam named “Medical Olympiad”. The ninth Medical Olympiad was held in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in summer 2017. The expert group designed a combination of four types of clinical reasoning tests to assess both analytical and non-analytical clinical reasoning. Mean scores of SCT, CRP, KF, and CIP were measured using descriptive statistics. Reliability was calculated for each test and the combination of tests using Cronbach’s alpha. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the score of each subtest and the total score. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis and the level of significance was considered <0.05.Results: The reliability of the combination of tests was 0.815. The reliability of KF was 0.81 and 0.76, 0.80, and 0.92 for SCT, CRP, and CIP, respectively. The mean total score was 169.921±41.54 from 240. All correlations between each clinical reasoning test and total score were significant (P<0.001). The highest correlation (0.887) was seen between CIP score and total score.Conclusion: The study showed that combining different clinical reasoning tests can be a reliable way of measuring this ability.

Experiences of students and faculty members about using virtual social networks in education: A qualitative content analysis

ALI DEHGHANI; JAVAD KOJURI; MOHAMMAD REZA DEHGHANI; ABDOLKHALEGH KESHAVARZI; SEDIGHEH NAJAFIPOUR

Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2019, , Pages 86-94

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.44712

Abstract

Introduction: Virtual social networks are increasingly beingused by academics and students in health sciences. It is necessaryto examine opportunities and challenges of these networks ... Read More

Needs assessment for standardized educational program for Iranian Medical Students in crisis and disaster management

RITA REZAEE; MAHMOUDREZA PEYRAVI; MILAD AHMADI MARZALEH; AMIR KHORRAM-MANESH

Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2019, , Pages 95-102

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.44713

Abstract

Introduction: Early education and training are mandatory toraise the knowledge and awareness of the healthcare staff. Iranis a disaster prone area with a high number of emergencies.This ... Read More

Impact of immediate feedback on the learning of medical students in pharmacology

DINESH K BADYAL; SUMAN BALA; TEJINDER SINGH; GAURAV GULREZ

Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 1-6

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.41036

Abstract

Introduction: Providing feedback to students is an essentialcomponent in medical education and has been shown to improvethe students’ learning. The purpose of this study is to ... Read More Introduction: Providing feedback to students is an essentialcomponent in medical education and has been shown to improvethe students’ learning. The purpose of this study is to evaluatethe effect of computer-based immediate feedback on the medicalstudents’ learning in a pharmacology course. Methods: In this prospective intervention study some feedbackmodules in pharmacology (FMP) were prepared in two topics:the cardiovascular system (CVS) and chemotherapy, using blanktemplates on “Hot Potatoes” software. The FMP included MCbasedquestions and two versions were developed: one withfeedback (FMP-1) and the other without feedback (FMP-2). TheFMP-1 module provided immediate feedback for each option thestudent chose. The students (n=48) were randomized by computergenerated random number table to two groups A and B to receivethe module in CVS, i.e., FMP-1 and FMP-2, respectively. A crossoverdesign was adopted to expose all students to immediatefeedback modules. The test scores were compared and feedbackwas obtained from students and faculty using a validatedquestionnaire. A focus group discussion was conducted to clarifythe issues raised by the students. Results: The module with immediate feedback was much better appreciated by the students than the module without feedback. The students spent more time on FMP-1 (42±7.00 minutes vs 27±12.36 minutes; p<0.001 in chemotherapy and 40±12.11 minutes vs 24±6.01 minutes; p<0.001 in CVS). However, there was no statistically significant difference in mean test scores. The qualitative data collected provided important information on the value of immediate feedback. The students believed that immediate feedback was an excellent way for self-assessment and improved their deeper understanding of content areas. They also felt that it supplemented their traditional learning habitsand stimulated them to read more. The students enjoyed its nonthreatening nature.Conclusion: Immediate feedback improved the deeper understanding of pharmacology and its relevance to medicine for the two topics although immediate feedback did not improve test scores. Overall, immediate feedback had a positive impact on the students’ self-directed learning.

Assessing clinical reasoning skills using Script Concordance Test (SCT) and extended matching questions (EMQs): A pilot for urology trainees

SYED MUHAMMAD NAZIM; JAMSHEER J. TALATI; SHEILA PINJANI; SYED RAZIUDDIN BIYABANI S; MUHAMMAD HAMMAD ATHER; JOHN J. NORCINI

Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 7-13

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.41038

Abstract

Introduction: Clinical reasoning skill is the core of medicalcompetence. Commonly used assessment methods for medicalcompetence have limited ability to evaluate critical thinking andreasoning ... Read More Introduction: Clinical reasoning skill is the core of medicalcompetence. Commonly used assessment methods for medicalcompetence have limited ability to evaluate critical thinking andreasoning skills. Script Concordance Test (SCT) and Extended Matching Questions (EMQs) are the evolving tests which areconsidered to be valid and reliable tools for assessing clinicalreasoning and judgment. We performed this pilot study to determinewhether SCT and EMQs can differentiate clinical reasoning abilityamong urology residents, interns and medical students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which an examinationwith 48 SCT-based items on eleven clinical scenarios and four themedEMQs with 21 items were administered to a total of 27 learners atthree differing levels of experience i.e. 9 urology residents, 6 internsand 12 fifth year medical students. A non-probability conveniencesampling was done. The SCTs and EMQs were developed fromclinical situations representative of urological practice by 5 contentexperts (urologists) and assessed by a medical education expert.Learners’ responses were scored using the standard and the graduatedkey. A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted tocompare the mean scores across the level of experience. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Test reliability was estimated by Cronbach α. A focused group discussion with candidates was done to assess their perception of test. Results: Both SCT and EMQs successfully differentiated residents from interns and students. Statistically significant difference in mean score was found for both SCT and EMQs among the 3 groups using both the standard and the graduated key. The mean scores were higher for all groups as measured by the graduated key compared to the standard key. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was 0.53 and 0.6 for EMQs and SCT, respectively. Majority of the participants were satisfied with regard to time, environment, instructions provided and the content covered and nearly all felt that the test helped them in thinking process particularly clinical reasoning.Conclusion: Our data suggest that both SCT and EMQs are capable of discriminating between learners according to their clinical experience in urology. As there is a wide acceptability by all candidates, these tests could be used to assess and enhance clinical reasoning skills. More research is needed to prove validity of these tests.

Online-learning: exploring practices among Foundation doctors

FLORENCE KUDZAI KASHORA; DEBBIE-ANNE CHARLES

Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 14-19

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.41040

Abstract

Introduction: Postgraduate medical education involves the use ofonline-learning tools. However, there is a paucity of data on theuse of online-learning among doctors who are in their ... Read More

Exploration of faculty members’ perceptions about virtual education challenges in medical sciences: a qualitative study

MOHAMMAD HASAN KESHAVARZI; SEYED KAMRAN SOLTANI ARABSHAHI; BANAFSHEH GHARRAHEE; ZOHREH SOHRABI; MARJAN MARDANI HAMOOLEH

Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 27-34

http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.41042

Abstract

Introduction: Virtual education is among the important factorsimproving the learning of medical students. This study aimed toexplain the perceptions of faculty members towards the challengesof ... Read More

Volume 10 (2022)

Volume 9 (2021)

Volume 8 (2020)

Volume 7 (2019)

Volume 6 (2018)

Volume 5 (2017)

Volume 4 (2016)

Volume 3 (2015)

Volume 2 (2014)

Volume 1 (2013)

Keywords = Education

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