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The Role of AI in Shaping Medical Education: Insights from an Umbrella Review of Review Studies

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Sharif University of Technology, Sharif Policy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

3 Faculty of Education, Western University, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become integral to various fields, including medical education. This study explores AI applications in medical education through a review of relevant
studies.
Methods: Using the umbrella review method, this study synthesized findings from reviews conducted between 2018 and 2024. The PRISMA framework guided a comprehensive search of databases, including Science Direct, Springer, ERIC, PubMed, and Google Scholar. After quality assessment with the CASP framework, 77 systematic review articles were selected. Data analysis employed Elo and Kyngäs’s qualitative content analysis approach, supported by expert validation and researcher consensus.
Results: Six key themes of AI applications in medical education were identified: faculty, students, teaching and learning process, assessment, curriculum, and management/implementation.
Management and implementation had the highest representation (26.5%), followed by teaching and learning processes (25.9%). Examples of each theme were highlighted. China produced
the most articles, and three journals—International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, and Education and Information
Technologies—were the leading publication venues.
Conclusion: These six themes provide a roadmap for medical education policymakers to adapt to AI advancements. Emphasizing management and executive applications, the findings predict
significant changes in the future of medical education and practice. This framework can help medical universities align curricula and operations with the evolving landscape of AI in healthcare.

Highlights

FATEME JAFARI

AHMAD KEYKHA

Keywords

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Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism
Volume 13, Issue 4
October 2025
Pages 270-293
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