Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism

Investigation of outliers of evaluation scores among school of health instructors using outlier - determination indices

HAMIDREZA TABATABAEE; FARIBA GHAHRAMANI; ALIREZA CHOOBINEH; MONA ARVINFAR

Volume 4, Issue 1 , January 2016, , Pages 21-25

Abstract

Introduction: Teacher evaluation, as an important strategyfor improving the quality of education, has been considered byuniversities and leads to a better understanding of the strengthsand ... Read More Introduction: Teacher evaluation, as an important strategyfor improving the quality of education, has been considered byuniversities and leads to a better understanding of the strengthsand weaknesses of education. Analysis of instructors’ scoresis one of the main fields of educational research. Since outliersaffect analysis and interpretation of information processes bothstructurally and conceptually, understanding the methods ofdetecting outliers in collected data can be helpful for scholars,data analysts, and researchers. The present study aimed to presentand compare the available techniques for detecting outliers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical populationincluded the evaluation forms of instructors completed bythe students of Shiraz School of Health in the first and secondsemesters of the academic year 2012-2013. All the forms relatedto these years (N=1317) were entered into analysis throughcensus. Then, four methods (Dixon, Gauss, Grubb, and Graphicalmethods) were used for determining outliers. Kappa coefficientwas also used to determine the agreement among the methods.Results: In this study 1317 forms were completed by 203undergraduate and 1114 postgraduate students. The mean scoresgiven by undergraduates and postgraduates were 17.24±3.04 and18.91±1.82, respectively. The results showed that Dixon and Grubbwere the most appropriate methods to determine the outliers ofevaluation scores in small samples, because they had appropriateagreement. On the other hand, NPP and QQ plot were the mostappropriate methods in large samples.Conclusion: The results showed that each of the studied methodscould help us, in some way, determine outliers. Researchers andanalysts who intend to select and use the methods must firstreview the observations with the help of descriptive informationand overview of the distribution. Determination of outliers isimportant in evaluation of instructors, because by determiningthe outliers and removing the data that might have been recordedincorrectly, more accurate and reliable results can be obtained.Keywords: Outliers; Professors; Students; Evaluation

Effectiveness of resident as teacher curriculum in preparing emergency medicine residents for their teaching role

HOOMAN HOSEIN NEJAD; MEHDI BAGHERABADI; ALIREZA SISTANI; HELEN DARGAHI

Volume 5, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 21-25

Abstract

Introduction: Over the past 30 years, recognizing the need andimportance of training residents in teaching skills has resulted inseveral resident-as-teacher programs. The purpose of ... Read More Introduction: Over the past 30 years, recognizing the need andimportance of training residents in teaching skills has resulted inseveral resident-as-teacher programs. The purpose of this studywas to explore the impact of this teaching initiative and investigatethe improvement in residents’ teaching skills through evaluatingtheir satisfaction and perceived effectiveness as well as assessingmedical students’ perception of the residents’ teaching quality.Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre- andpost-tests, continuing from Dec 2010 to May 2011 in Imam Hospital,Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this survey, EmergencyMedicine Residents (n=32) participated in an 8-hour workshop. Theprogram evaluation was performed based on Kirkpatrick’s model byevaluation of residents in two aspects: self-assessment and evaluationby interns who were trained by these residents. Content validity ofthe questionnaires was judged by experts and reliability was carriedout by test re-test. The questionnaires were completed before andafter the intervention. Paired sample t-test was applied to analyzethe effect of RAT curriculum and workshop on the improvement ofresidents’ teaching skills based on their self-evaluation and Mann–Whitney U test was used to identify significant differences betweenthe two evaluator groups before and after the workshop.Results: The results indicated that residents’ attitude towards theirteaching ability was improved significantly after participatingin the workshop (p<0.001). The result of residents’ evaluationby interns showed no significant difference before and after theworkshop (p=0.07).Conclusion: On the whole, the educational workshop for Residentsas Teacher for emergency medicine residents resulted in favorableoutcomes in the second evaluated level of Kirkpatrick’s model,i.e. it showed measurable positive changes in the self-assessmentsof medical residents about different aspects of teaching abilityand performance. However, implementing training sessionsfor resident physicians, although effective in improving theirconfidence and self-assessment of their teaching skills, seemsto cause no positive change in the third evaluated level ofKirkpatrick’s model, i.e. the residents’ behaviors, and it does notseem to raise students’ satisfaction or meet their expectations.Keywords: Resident as teacher; Curriculum; Emergency medicine

The effects of team-based learning on learning outcomes in a course of rheumatology

SEYEDEH TAHEREH FAEZI; KAMRAN MORADI; ALI GHAFAR RAHIMI AMIN; FATEMEH KESHMIRI

Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2018, , Pages 22-30

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.43344

Abstract

Introduction: We evaluated the effects of implementing Team-Based Learning (TBL) on student engagement, accountability,satisfaction, and preference for lecture or team-based learning.Moreover, ... Read More

Comparison of the training status of medical students of pediatric ward based on their logbooks

MOZHGHAN ZAHMATKESHAN; HAMID AMOOZGAR

Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 55-58

Abstract

Introduction: Logbooks show whether medical students have been exposed to a particular disease and whether they are able to perform particular practices or not. To evaluate the training ... Read More

An evaluation of the elements of internal medicine physiopathology curriculum in general practice based on the perspectives of faculty members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

JAMSHID ESLAMI; MOHSEN KHADEMI

Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, , Pages 62-67

Abstract

Introduction: An evaluation of the curriculum elementscan be recognized as a necessity in curriculum dynamic andimprovement. This study aimed at evaluating five main elementsof a physiopathology ... Read More Introduction: An evaluation of the curriculum elementscan be recognized as a necessity in curriculum dynamic andimprovement. This study aimed at evaluating five main elementsof a physiopathology curriculum in internal medicine (objectives,content, methods, evaluation, and management).Method: The present study is of a descriptive-analytical type, andthe study population consisted of a total of 48 faculty members ofinternal medicine physiopathology department at Shiraz Universityof Medical Sciences. Participants were selected using Cochran’ssample size formula and through simple random sampling. Thedata were collected using a 58-item questionnaire devised by theresearcher, using curriculum planning experts. Face and contentvalidity of the scale were obtained through expert views andmodifications provided by 10 professors and experts in medicalcurriculum evaluation. Also, research reliability was calculatedusing Alpha Cronbachto be 0.99. Reliability value and coefficientwas acceptable. Moreover, One-sample t-test, Independent t-testand One-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.Results: Based on the faculty members’ views, of the fivecurriculum elements, objectives and content were in relatively goodconditions (at an average level) while other elements includingmethod, evaluation and management were in poor conditions(lower than average). According to results of two-way ANOVA,there was a significant relationship between faculty members withvarious work experience in terms of curriculum evaluation.Conclusion: According to research findings, a comparativeexamination of the curriculum elements and their characteristicsin physiopathology course can be conducted, resulting inidentification of curriculum weaknesses and their pitfalls. Also,with regard to teaching, evaluation, management methods, weakand strong points of the course, efficiency, and effectiveness ofthe elements were identified.Keywords: Evaluation; Curriculum; Faculty

Comparison of the learning of two notations: A pilot study

ASHFAQ AKRAM; MAHER D FUADFUAD; ARSHAD MAHMOOD MALIK; BALSAM MAHDI NASIRALZURFI; MANAH CHANDRA CHANGMAI; MELINDA MADLENA

Volume 5, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 67-72

Abstract

Introduction: MICAP is a new notation in which the teeth areindicated by letters (I-incisor, C-canine, P-premolar, M-molar)and numbers [1,2,3] which are written superscript and subscripton ... Read More

Evaluation of the efficacy of peer-learning method in nutrition students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

MOHAMMAD REZA DEHGHANI; MITRA AMINI; JAVAD KOJURI; PARISA NABEIEI

Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2014, , Pages 71-76

Abstract

Introduction: One of notable initiatives in improving the academic educationis to use the abilities of students to learn together in a new and effective system of peer learning. In ... Read More Introduction: One of notable initiatives in improving the academic educationis to use the abilities of students to learn together in a new and effective system of peer learning. In this regard, Education Development Center in Shiraz university of Medical Sciences proceed to implementation and study of the curriculum and teaching methods course in the form of peer learning for college students of nutrition science and survey the efficacy of this implementation.Methods: This study was conducted two parts: qualitative and quantitativesurvey. A quasi-experimental, pre test/post-test research was used inquantitative part. In this study, whole groups of undergraduate nutritionstudents in courses of study and learning techniques with the help of teachers held a course and took a part in a competition in 15 major subjects of study and learning methods. The study lasted for two-week sessions and whole of nutrition students were included. We used pair t test for comparison pre test and post test in this study.Results: In the quantitative part of the study, the results showed a significant difference between pre-test (0.0346+0.108) and post-test scores (0.809+0.187) of the students. This means that the level of knowledge of students, who participated in this course, has significant difference before and after the peer learning course (pair t test=1.010, p=0.002). The results of the quality survey of the training course also indicated satisfaction of participants and necessity of teacher’s presence and control during the courses.Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the results of the previousstudies, emphasizing numerous positive effects of peer learning methods inthe academic community. The results also suggest that peer learning is effective in the enhancement of the students’ confidence and learning. Peer learning also helps the students to develop their future responsibilities.Keywords: Learning, Peer learning, Students, Teaching

Assessment of medical students’ learning and study strategies in self-regulated learning

ZAHRA JOUHARI; FARIBA HAGHANI; TAHEREH CHANGIZ

Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 72-79

Abstract

Introduction: Research on medical students shows that adoptingself-regulation of effort, time, and study strategies can positivelyinfluence academic achievement. The purpose of the ... Read More Introduction: Research on medical students shows that adoptingself-regulation of effort, time, and study strategies can positivelyinfluence academic achievement. The purpose of the current studywas to assess learning and study strategies in medical students.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014-2015at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size wasdetermined 360 students based on the results of a pilot study on 30members of the study population. Medical students in the first tofourth year of their studies were selected through simple samplingrandomly. A valid and reliable Persian translation of Learningand Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) questionnaire wascompleted by the students. It measures three latent factors of selfregulatedlearning: Skill, Will, and Self-Regulation. It consistsof 80 questions in ten different scales (each scale including eightquestions and a variable score of 8-40). Data were analyzed usingt-test, correlation analysis, and ANOVA.Results: Considering the ten LASSI scales, the highest meanscore belonged to test strategies (28.67±4.44), and the lowestmean to self-testing (21.91±4.91). The results showed significantstatistical differences between male and female students inselecting the main idea, attitude, and self-testing. ANOVA andpost hoc Tukey tests showed a significant difference between themean scores of different areas of LASSI among students withdifferent grade point average (GPA) in the university. In all areasexcept the study aids, the mean scores of students with GPAhigher than 17.5 were significantly higher than those of studentswith GPA lower than 14.5.Conclusion: The results showed that students need help andconsultation in most areas of learning and study strategies. Using10 areas of LASSI can determine the strengths and weaknesses ofstudents in various areas. Knowing their own limitations, studentswill be able to improve their study habits. Hence, it is suggestedto evaluate the students when enrolling at universities and designeducational programs based on the students’ characteristics.Keywords: Learning; Medical student; Assessment

Factors related to academic failure in preclinical medical education: A systematic review

SOLEIMAN AHMADY; NASRIN KHAJEALI; FARSHAD SHARIFI; ZOHRE SADAT MIRMOGHTADAEI

Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2019, , Pages 74-85

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.44711

Abstract

Introduction: Identifying the learners’ problems early enoughand providing advice from the beginning is definitely an importantinvestment in the training and progress of future ... Read More Introduction: Identifying the learners’ problems early enoughand providing advice from the beginning is definitely an importantinvestment in the training and progress of future practitioners. Thecurrent review aimed at examining factors related to academicfailure of the preclinical medical students. Methods: The study was carried out as a systematic search ofpublications in the following databases published from January1987 to January 2018: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, EducationalResources, Information Center and Scopus. No language limitationwas set for searching the resources. As a comprehensive search, thefollowing keywords were used for the abstract, title and keywordsections: academic performance, academic failure, academicachievement, drop out, academic engagement, learning disorder,medical student, struggle student and problem learner. A valid tool(STROBE) was used to determine the quality of the articles. Results: Most articles discussed personal causes, 7 discussedlearning style, 7 discussed personality traits, 6 discussedmotivational strategies and self-efficacy, 4 discussed quality ofsleep, 4 discussed the effect of stress, 9 discussed demographicfactors, 3 discussed physical activity, 1 discussed copingstrategies, 2 discussed class attendance and 4 discussed studystrategy. Twenty-five articles described instructional designcause, 3 described teaching strategies, 2 described courseassessments, 1 described the course structure, 3 described criticalthinking, 3 described blended learning, 13 described predictivecourses, 14 described admission tests, 1 described the learningenvironment, 2 described curriculum planning and 3 describedthe pre-matriculation program. Conclusion: Medical teachers often do not know which studentsare problem learners or what causes academic failure. The goalof this systematic review was to determine the origin of problemsin learning to identify problem learners. The results indicatesthat managers, policymakers, instructors and counselors canmonitor student academic achievement by careful planning ofinstructional design, attention to an educational environment, useof active teaching methods, continuous assessment of studentsand consideration of personal factors.

Procedures on the newly deceased: An ethical and educational challenge

MAHBOOBEH SABER; SEYED ALI ENJOO; ALI MAHBOUDI; SEYED ZIAADIN TABEI

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2018, , Pages 78-85

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.41016

Abstract

Introduction: The newly deceased patients have long been usedin medical schools to teach clinical skills without any challengesas it helps to train skilled doctors. Nowadays, the use ... Read More Introduction: The newly deceased patients have long been usedin medical schools to teach clinical skills without any challengesas it helps to train skilled doctors. Nowadays, the use of moulagesand simulators are common in teaching clinical skills since thesetools provide the opportunity for frequent practice without anypain and injury. There are specific procedures which still requirethe use of cadavers. However, the increased significance ofpatient rights has generally challenged the practicality of usingthe deceased bodies for this purpose. This study was designedwith the aim of determining to what extent clinical skill trainingis dependent on the recently deceased patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method triangulationdesign conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a researcher-madequestionnaire was used to collect quantitative data of the medicalstudents and residents. The data were used to assess the frequencyof experience. In the second stage, semi-structured interviews wereconducted with faculty members and fellows in order to evaluatethe educational impact of this type of procedure and the influentialfactors. The quantitative data were analyzed using statisticalsoftware, and the qualitative codes were extracted following acontent analysis. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed.Results: Twenty five residents (26%) and seven medical students(14%) had the experience of performing procedures on therecently deceased patients for training purposes. About half ofthe residents and 33% of the medical students had observed theircolleagues practicing procedures on cadavers. In the qualitativephase, the main categories included professional ethics, law andeducational requirements.Conclusion: A relatively low number of medical students andresidents had experienced procedures on the newly deceasedpatients. In this regard, ethical, religious and legal concerns mighthave played a part despite the desire to learn. It would be effectiveto direct these educational experiences toward proceduresthat cannot be mastered through moulages and simulators, andto lay the legal and executive ground so that performing theseprocedures under the supervision of professors, and with a levelof documentation would have no legal challenges.Keywords: Cadaver, Learning, Clinical skills, Ethics

Academic procrastination of medical students: The role of Internet addiction

ALI ASGHAR HAYAT; JAVAD KOJURI; MITRA AMINI

Volume 8, Issue 2 , April 2020, , Pages 83-89

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2020.85000.1159

Abstract

Introduction: The internet is an essential and widely used tool for college students; however, high internet dependency can have negative consequences for students, especially ... Read More Introduction: The internet is an essential and widely used tool for college students; however, high internet dependency can have negative consequences for students, especially regarding academiccareers. Such students may tend to postpone their academic tasks. Hence, the current study examines the effect of Internet addiction on academic procrastination among medical students.Methods: We applied a cross-sectional correlational research design. 233 medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected through convenience sampling and participated in this study. To collect the data, we used two valid and reliable questionnaires. The first was Young’s Internet addiction questionnaire (IAT-20), which consists of 20 items based on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The second was Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination questionnaire, whichconsists of 18 items based on a 5 point Likert-type scale. We used Pearson correlation, independent T-test, and One-Way ANOVA to analyze the data in SPSS version 22, and considered a significancelevel of p <0.05. Results: Results showed that 57.1% of the respondents were females, and the remaining were males. Findings indicated that 8 (3.43%) of the participants were classiﬁed as severe internetaddicted, and 28.85% of them had a high level of academic procrastination. The results indicated that there was a positive and significant correlation between Internet addiction and academic procrastination (r=0.39, with p <0.01). Also, there was a positive correlation between academic procrastination dimensions (writing a term paper, studying for an exam, keeping up with weekly reading assignments, performing administrative tasks, attending meetings and performing academic tasks in general) and Internet addiction (r=0.22, r=0.32, r=0.21, r=0.29, r=0.33, and r=0.23, respectively, with p <0.01). Finally, the results revealed that male students and those living in the dormitory had a higher level of Internet addiction and procrastination compared to female onesand those living at home (p <0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the current research reveal that a considerable number of students have levels of Internet addiction and procrastination; the study highlights that students with high levels of Internet addiction are more likely to be at an increased risk of negative outcomes such as insufﬁciently controlled Internet use.

Validity and Reliability of pre-internship Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Shiraz Medical School

NARGES VASEGHI; MAHVASH ALIZADEH NAINI; REZA LABAF GHASEMI; SOHEILA AMIRI

Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2013, , Pages 85-88

Abstract

Introduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is one of the most appropriate methods for assessment of clinical skills.Validity and reliability assurance is a mandatory ... Read More

Social accountable medical education: a concept analysis

MOHAMMADREZA ABDOLMALEKI; SHAHRAM YAZDANI; SEDIGHEH MOMENI; NADER MOMTAZMANESH

Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2017, , Pages 108-115

Abstract

Introduction: Considering the pervasiveness of social accountablemedical education concept around the world and the growingtrend of literature in this regard as well as various interpretationsmade ... Read More

Shiraz medical students’ perceptions of their colleagues’ professional behavior

MEHRDAD ASKARIAN; MOHAMMAD JAVAD EBRAHIMI NIA; FATEMEH SADEGHIPUR; MINA DANAEI; MOHSEN MOMENI

Volume 3, Issue 3 , July 2015, , Pages 111-116

Abstract

Introduction: Today, development of professionalism is acritical aim of medical schools. Studies have demonstrated thatmedical students’ perceived level of professionalism is inadequateworldwide. ... Read More

The students’ viewpoint on the quality gap in educational services

MARZIYEH RAHIM KHANLI; HADI DANESHMANDI; ALIREZA CHOOBINEH

Volume 2, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 114-119

Abstract

Introduction: Students and university community are social and humanresources of the country. The students’ viewpoints about the quality ofeducational services can be considered as ... Read More Introduction: Students and university community are social and humanresources of the country. The students’ viewpoints about the quality ofeducational services can be considered as a basis for planning quality promotion and improving organizational performance. This study was conducted to determine the quality gap in educational services d by the students of Health and Nutrition School of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 students participated voluntarily(age range=19 to 40 years). The service quality (SERVQUAL) questionnairewas used for data collection. This questionnaire measured the quality gapin 5 dimensions of educational service including assurance, responsiveness,empathy, reliability, and tangibility. The students’ perception about the current conditions and their expectations as to optimal conditions can be determined, using this questionnaire. The score of the gap in quality of educational services is calculated from difference between perception and expectation scores. Due to non-normality of data, non-parametric tests were used. To this end, data were analyzed using statistical tests including Wilcoxon, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whiteny tests in SPSS 14.Results: The results showed that there was quality gap in all 5 dimensionsof educational services. The largest and the smallest gaps were observed in"responsiveness" with a mean±SD of -0.94±0.74 and in "reliability" with amean±SD of -0.76±0.69, respectively. There was a significant difference inquality gap between the 5 dimensions (p<0.001).Discussion: According to the results, the students’ expectations were higherthan their perceptions of current conditions; also, in all aspects of theservices their expectations were not met. It is recommended that workshopson customer services, communication skills and personnel’s technical skillsdevelopment should be planned and held. Also, allocating more resources for improving educational facilities and physical environment is recommended.Keywords: Quality, Gap, Education, Questionnaire, Student

The applications of virtual reality technology in medical groups teaching

MAHNAZ SAMADBEIK; DONYA YAAGHOBI; PEIVAND BASTANI; SHAHABEDDIN ABHARI; RITA REZAEE; ALI GARAVAND

Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 123-129

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.41023

Abstract

Introduction: Virtual reality is a new method for trainingdifferent medical groups. Based on this technology, professionalsand students of various medical sciences can determine their ... Read More

Educational challenges ahead of nursing from the perspective of faculty members of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

ABBAS HEYDARI; SEYED REZA MAZLOUM; HOSSEIN KARIMI MOONAGHI; MOHAMMAD MOJALLI; LALEH HOSSEINI SHAHIDI; HOSSEIN NAMDAR ARESHTANAB

Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 125-128

Abstract

Introduction: Development of nursing profession is faced with new challenges. Role of education is important for advancement of nursing. Faculty members are experienced in education, ... Read More Introduction: Development of nursing profession is faced with new challenges. Role of education is important for advancement of nursing. Faculty members are experienced in education, and they are authentic sources for determining of the educational challenges in nursing. The aim of this study was to determine the educational challenges in nursing from the viewpoint of faculty members of nursing and midwifery in University of Mashhad.Methods: This study is a cross- sectional study conducted on 31 cases from faculty members of nursing in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by using census method in 2010-2011. A combination of data collection methods was used for collection of data in two phases: preparation of assessment tool (questionnaire) and survey of the desired construct among the samples. After determining the validity and reliability, a questionnaire was given to the samples to answer. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 11.5 using statistical tests.Results: The most important threats in nursing include “Separation of fields such as anesthesia and operating room from nursing” (%93.6), “Increasing gap between clinical practice and education of nursing due to the increase in education of students and instructors” (%90.3), “Being Theoretical courses in master’s and PhD program” (%77.5), “Decreasing the students’ motivation” (%77.5) and “Establishing new schools of nursing” (%64.5). The most important opportunities in nursing include: “Need to informatics education in education of nursing” (%93.5), “localizing resources based on new issue and problems” (%84), and “Paying attention to evidence- based education in nursing education” (%83.9) and “adjusting the educational content according to ideals and standards of nursing” (%80.6). Conclusion: Based on the results, Returning of anesthesia and operating room branches to nursing after bachelors’, “Revising of educational content based on needs and localizing resources”, “Using new methods in nursing instruction”, “continuing the training based on clinical experiences” and “Using applied research in clinical environment” are suggested.Keywords: Education, Challenges, Nurse, Faculty members

The systematic approach to faculty development activities for biomedical educators

SATEESH BABU ARJA; SIMI PARAMBAN; KUMAR PONNUSAMY; ABARAHAM RATNA JOSEPH NAYAKANTI; RESHMA FATTEH; SIREESHA BALA ARJA

Volume 8, Issue 3 , July 2020, , Pages 127-133

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2020.84341.1135

Abstract

Introduction: The term continuing professional development encompasses competencies required to practice the high quality medicine, including medical, managerial, ethical, ... Read More Introduction: The term continuing professional development encompasses competencies required to practice the high quality medicine, including medical, managerial, ethical, social, and personal skills, whereas continuing medical education refers only to expanding the knowledge and skills required by physicians. The competencies for basic science faculty identified are management and administration, teaching, assessments, curriculum development, and research. This study aimed to evaluate theoutcomes of faculty development initiatives at Avalon University School of Medicine and examine the optimal approach to faculty development activities.Methods: This is a survey-based quantitative study. A crosssectional survey was conducted after implementing the faculty development activities. We took thirteen basic science faculty members as a unit and recruited them for different faculty development activities from 2015. Faculty members were involved in various faculty development courses, workshops, and training sessions. A survey was conducted among faculty members using a questionnaire on the Likert scale to identify if there areany increased knowledge or skills on teaching and assessment methods, educational scholarship, and scholarly activities after implementing faculty development initiatives. The faculty responses were tabulated and quantified in the Excel sheet and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: All thirteen faculty members responded to the questionnaire (100% response rate). There was an increased selfreported knowledge and skills of faculty members. 70% of the faculty agreed that they are able to get involved in designing their course learning objectives. 100% of the faculty were aware of different teaching methods, and 93% of them were implementing different types of teaching methods, including small group discussions, flipped classrooms, standardized patient-basedteaching, and problem-based learning. 100% of the faculty were aware of different assessment methods and implementing them. There were self-reported and observed behavioral changes.Conclusions: Faculty development activities at Avalon University School of Medicine have shown to be effective. At larger institutions, the department chair can lead the faculty development activities.

The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career path

ZAHRA ZAHED ZAHEDANI; RITA REZAEE; ZAHRA YAZDANI; SINA BAGHERI; PARISA NABEIEI

Volume 4, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 130-134

Abstract

Introduction: Several factors affect the academic performance ofcollege students and parenting style is one significant factor. Thecurrent study has been done with the purpose of investigating ... Read More

The effect of test-enhanced spaced learning on the otolaryngology board and annual examination results: A quasi-experimental study

SASAN DABIRI; AEEN MOHAMMADI; RITA MOJTAHEDZADEH

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, , Pages 131-137

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.74696

Abstract

Introduction: In the test-enhanced spaced learning, educational contents are presented in small packages of well-developed test questions with a defined frequency to the learners. ... Read More

Effects of an osteoporosis prevention training program on physical activity-related stages of change and self-efficacy among university students, Shiraz, Iran: a randomized clinical trial

MOHAMMAD HOSSIEN KAVEH; MONIRE GOLIJ; MAHIN NAZARI; ZOHREH MAZLOOM; ABBAS REZAEIAN ZADEH

Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 158-164

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major problem in today's world, beingcharacterized by decreased bone mass and bone change. Due to deficiencyof theory-based studies in young population, ... Read More Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major problem in today's world, beingcharacterized by decreased bone mass and bone change. Due to deficiencyof theory-based studies in young population, especially in students, thereare significant knowledge gaps of effective planning. The present study wasperformed in response to this need. The present study investigated the effect of an empowerment program on physical activity related stages of change and self-efficacy in preventing osteoporosis among university students.Methods: In this randomized controlled trial (IRCT: IRCT201212016261N2),152 female students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selectedthrough multi-stages cluster sampling and were randomly assigned to anexperimental (n=76) and a control (n=76) group. The pre-and post-intervention data were collected using the Stages of Exercise Change Questionnaire (SECQ) of Marcos with Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.89 and also the self-efficacy scale with a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.88 and Test-Retest Correlation Coefficient of 0.80. The educational intervention for the experimental group took place through problem-based learning method, small group discussion, and training manuals. In addition, training CDs and brochures were given to the subjects and short SMSs were sent to them. The data were analyzed through SPSS, version 14, using Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, Wilcoxon and regression tests.Results: Pre-intervention findings showed that participants had behavioralconstructs below the expected levels. The results showed that the experimental group received significant statistical increase after the intervention in stage of change. Before the intervention, the mean scores of stages of changes in the experimental groups was 2.28±0.86 but this rose to 3±0.84 in the first post-test and 3.22±0.84 in the second post-test. The control group showed a significant increase in stage of change without intervention (pre-test 2.04±0.82, first post-test 2.18±0.87 and second post-test 2.3±0.89). However, this increase was more significant in the experimental group (p<0.001). The mean score of selfefficacyin physical activity in the intervention group upon completion of thecourse showed a significant increase (p<0.001). A significant correlation wasfound between the construct stage of change and self-efficacy.Conclusion: Theory-based curriculum is effective in empowering individualsin stage of change and developing self-efficacy in physical activity of university students.Keywors: Empowerment, Osteoporosis, Behavior, Exercise, Self efficacy

Satisfaction of Iranian Medical Universities’ faculty members towards holding Shahid Motahari Annual Educational Festival

SEYYED NASROLLAH HOSSEINI; ANOSHIRAVAN MOHSENI BAND PEY; SEYYED ALI HOSSEINI; BEHZAD KARAMI MATIN; MEHDI MIRZAEI ALAVIJEH; FARZAD JALILIAN

Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, , Pages 166-171

Abstract

Introduction: Shahid Motahari Annual Educational Festivalaims to improve the quality of medical education in the IslamicRepublic of Iran, and has held since 2008. The present study ... Read More

Medical student’s academic performance: The role of academic emotions and motivation

ALI ASGHAR HAYAT; ASIEH SALEHI; JAVAD KOJURI

Volume 6, Issue 4 , October 2018, , Pages 168-175

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.41034

Abstract

Introduction: Identification of the factors that promote academicperformance is of importance in the success rate of medical students.This study aimed to find the relationship between ... Read More

Models of clinical reasoning with a focus on general practice: a critical review

SHAHRAM YAZDANI; MOHAMMAD HOSSEINZADEH; FAKHROLSADAT HOSSEINI

Volume 5, Issue 4 , October 2017, , Pages 177-184

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Introduction: Diagnosis lies at the heart of general practice.Every day general practitioners (GPs) visit patients with awide variety of complaints and concerns, with often minor butsometimes ... Read More Introduction: Diagnosis lies at the heart of general practice.Every day general practitioners (GPs) visit patients with awide variety of complaints and concerns, with often minor butsometimes serious symptoms. General practice has many featureswhich differentiate it from specialty care setting, but during thelast four decades little attention was paid to clinical reasoningin general practice. Therefore, we aimed to critically review theclinical reasoning models with a focus on the clinical reasoningin general practice or clinical reasoning of general practitionersto find out to what extent the existing models explain the clinicalreasoning specially in primary care and also identity the gaps ofthe model for use in primary care settingsMethods: A systematic search to find models of clinical reasoningwere performed. To have more precision, we excluded the studiesthat focused on neurobiological aspects of reasoning, reasoningin disciplines other than medicine decision making or decisionanalysis on treatment or management plan. All the articles anddocuments were first scanned to see whether they include importantrelevant contents or any models. The selected studies whichdescribed a model of clinical reasoning in general practitioners orwith a focus on general practice were then reviewed and appraisalor critics of other authors on these models were included. Thereviewed documents on the model were synthesizedResults: Six models of clinical reasoning were identified includinghypothetic-deductive model, pattern recognition, a dual processdiagnostic reasoning model, pathway for clinical reasoning, anintegrative model of clinical reasoning, and model of diagnosticreasoning strategies in primary care. Only one model hadspecifically focused on general practitioners reasoning.Conclusion: A Model of clinical reasoning that included specificfeatures of general practice to better help the general practitionerswith the difficulties of clinical reasoning in this setting is needed.Keywords: Problem solving, General practitioners, Diagnosis

Designing a model for critical thinking development in AJA University of Medical Sciences

MAHYAR MAFAKHERI LALEH; MOJGAN MOHAMMADIMEHR; SANAZ ZARGAR BALAYE JAME

Volume 4, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 179-187

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Introduction: In the new concept of medical education, creativitydevelopment is an important goal. The aim of this research wastoidentify a model for developing critical thinking among ... Read More Introduction: In the new concept of medical education, creativitydevelopment is an important goal. The aim of this research wastoidentify a model for developing critical thinking among studentswith the special focus on learning environment and learning style.Methods: This applied and cross-sectional study was conductedamong all students studying in undergraduate and professionaldoctorate programs in Fall Semester 2013-2014 in AJA Universityof Medical Sciences (N=777). The sample consisted of 257students selected based on the proportional stratified randomsampling method. To collect data, three questionnaires includingCritical Thinking, Perception of Learning Environment andLearning Style were employed. The data were analyzed usingPearson’s correlation statistical test, and one-sample t-test. TheStructural Equation Model (SEM) was used to test the researchmodel. SPSS software, version 14 and the LISREL software wereused for data analysis.Results: The results showed that students had significantlyassessed the teaching-learning environment and two componentsof “perception of teachers” and “perception of emotionalpsychologicalclimate” at the desirable level (p<0.05). Alsolearning style and two components of “the study method” and“motivation for studying” were considered significantly desirable(p<0.05). The level of critical thinking among students in termsof components of “commitment”, “creativity” and “cognitivematurity” was at the relatively desirable level (p<0.05). Inaddition, perception of the learning environment can impact thecritical thinking through learning style.Conclusion: One of the factors which can significantly impact thequality improvement of the teaching and learning process in AJAUniversity of Medical Sciences is to develop critical thinkingamong learners. This issue requires providing the proper situationfor teaching and learning critical thinking in the educationalenvironment.Keywords: Critical thinking; Learning; Teaching; Teaching environment; Learning environment

Volume 12 (2024)

Volume 11 (2023)

Volume 10 (2022)

Volume 9 (2021)

Volume 8 (2020)

Volume 7 (2019)

Volume 6 (2018)

Volume 5 (2017)

Volume 4 (2016)

Volume 3 (2015)

Volume 2 (2014)

Volume 1 (2013)

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