Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism

Inservice trainings for Shiraz University Medical Sciences employees: Effectiveness assessment by using the CIPP model

MARYAM MOKHTARZADEGAN; MITRA AMINI; FARNAZ TAKMIL; MOHAMMAD ADAMIAT; POONEH SARVERAVAN

Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, , Pages 77-83

Abstract

become one of the core components in survival and success ofany organization. Unfortunately, despite the importance oftraining evaluation, a small portion of resources are allocated ... Read More become one of the core components in survival and success ofany organization. Unfortunately, despite the importance oftraining evaluation, a small portion of resources are allocated tothis matter. Among many evaluation models, the CIPP model orContext, Input, Process, Product model is a very useful approachto educational evaluation. So far, the evaluation of the trainingcourses mostly provided information for learners but thisinvestigation aims at evaluating the effectiveness of the experts’training programs and identifying its pros and cons based on the4 stages of the CIPP model.Method: In this descriptive analytical study, done in 2013,250 employees of Shiraz University Medical Sciences (SUMS)participated in inservice training courses were randomlyselected. The evaluated variables were designed using CIPPmodel and a researcher-made questionnaire was used for datacollection; the questionnaire was validated using expert opinionand its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.89).Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 14 and statisticaltests was done as needed.Results: In the context phase, the mean score was highest insolving work problems (4.07±0.88) and lowest in focusing onlearners’ learning style training courses (2.68±0.91). There isa statistically significant difference between the employees`education level and the product phase evaluation (p<0.001).The necessary effectiveness was not statistically significant incontext and input level (p>0.001), in contrast with the processand product phase which showed a significant deference(p<0.001).Conclusion: Considering our results, although the inservicetrainings given to sums employees has been effective in manyways, it has some weaknesses as well. Therefore improving theseweaknesses and reinforcing strong points within the identifiedfields in this study should be taken into account by decisionmakers and administrators.Keywords: Inservice training; Training; Effectiveness

The impact of 3-option responses to multiple-choice questions on guessing strategies and cut score determinations

KENNETH D. ROYAL; MYRAH R. STOCKDALE

Volume 5, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 84-89

Abstract

Introduction: Research has asserted MCQ items using threeresponse options (one correct answer with two distractors) iscomparable to, and possibly preferable over, traditional MCQitem ... Read More Introduction: Research has asserted MCQ items using threeresponse options (one correct answer with two distractors) iscomparable to, and possibly preferable over, traditional MCQitem formats consisting of four response options (e.g., one correctanswer with three distractors), or five response options (e.g., onecorrect answer with four distractors). Some medical educatorshave also adopted the practice of using 3-option responseson MCQ exams as a response to the difficulty experienced ingenerating additional plausible distractors. To date, however,little work has explored how 3-option responses might impactvalidity threats stemming from random guessing strategies,and what impact 3-option responses might have on cut-scoredeterminations, particularly in the context of medical educationclassroom assessments. The purpose of this work is to furtherexplore these critically important considerations that largely havegone ignored in the medical education literature to this point.Methods: A cumulative binomial distribution formula was usedto calculate the probability that an examinee will answer atrandom a given number of items correctly on any exam (of anylength). By way of a demonstration, a variety of scenarios werepresented to illustrate how examination length and the number ofresponse options impact examinees’ chances of passing a givenexamination, and how subsequent cut-score decisions may beimpacted by these factors.Results: As a general rule, classroom assessments containingfewer items should utilize traditional 4-option or 5-optionresponses, whereas assessments of greater length are affordedgreater flexibility in potentially utilizing 3-option responses.Conclusions: More research on items with 3-option responses isneeded to better understand what value, if any, 3-option responsestruly add to classroom assessments, and in what contexts potentialbenefits might be discernible.Keywords: Medical education; Assessment; Evaluation; Psychometrics

Comparison of empathy score among medical students in both basic and clinical levels

MITRA KHADEMALHOSSEINI; ZEINAB KHADEMALHOSSEINI; FARZAD MAHMOODIAN

Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2014, , Pages 88-91

Abstract

Introduction: Empathy refers to a personality character that has a great rolein communication with others. Thus, proper evaluation and education ofempathy in medical students is important ... Read More

The validity and reliability of script concordance test in otolaryngology residency training

KAMYAR IRAVANI; MITRA AMINI; AIDA DOOSTKAM; MAHNAZ DEHBOZORGIAN

Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 93-96

Abstract

Introduction: The script concordance test (SCT) is one the besttools used to evaluate clinical reasoning in ill-defined clinicalsituations. The aim of this study was to demonstrate ... Read More

Comparing Kirkpatrick’s original and new model with CIPP evaluation model

ROGHAYEH GANDOMKAR

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2018, , Pages 94-95

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.41014

Abstract

In a young field like educational programevaluation, it is inevitable that conceptualframeworks such as Kirkpatrick model arerevised with time and with greater knowledge.The New World ... Read More In a young field like educational programevaluation, it is inevitable that conceptualframeworks such as Kirkpatrick model arerevised with time and with greater knowledge.The New World Kirkpatrick Model (NWKM)is the new version of Kirkpatrick model whichis more welcome to context and process, andhence probably much closer to the context–input–process–product (CIPP) model (1). The aimof this paper is to explore the similarities anddifferences between three well-known evaluationmodels including the original and new versionsof Kirkpatrick model and CIPP model.The original version of Kirkpatrick model is anoutcome-focused model evaluating the outcomesof an educational program, for instance, in the fieldof medical education, in four levels of reaction,learning, transfer and impact, respectively (2). Themodel is rooted in reductionist approach suggestingthat the educational program success or lack ofsuccess can be explained simply by reducing theprogram into its elements and examining them (i.e.its outcomes) (3). Yet, Kirkpatrick’s original modelfails to provide the evaluators with an insightinto the underlying mechanisms that inhibit orfacilitate the achievement of program outcomes(4). In response to this shortcoming, the newversion of Kirkpatrick model added new elementsto recognize the complexities of the educationalprogram context (5).The most highlighted changes have beenoccurred at Level 3 to include processes thatenable or hinder the application of learnedknowledge or skills. The required drivers thatreinforce, monitor, encourage, and rewardlearners to apply what is learned during training,on the job learning that happens outside theformal program and Learners’ motivation andcommitment to improve their performance on thejob are interfering factors that may influence thegiven outcomes at level 3. Learners’ confidenceand commitment, and learners’ engagement andsubject relevance ware added to Level 2 and level1, respectively, to broaden the scope of evaluationat these two levels (5).Although the NWKM appears to betterembrace the complexity of educational programs,some investigators may declare that it would besimilar to CIPP evaluation model. I suppose thatthere are some fundamental differences betweenthem. The CIPP model stems from the complexitytheory that takes into account the educationalprogram as an open system with emergentdynamical interactions among its componentparts and the surrounding environment. As aresult, CIPP pays explicit and implicit attentionto the program context by considering contextevaluation as a separate component of fourcomplementary sets of evaluation studies, aswell as identifying the contextual factors inother components of the model by employinga variety of qualitative methods (6). On theother hand, the NWKM is limited to measuringsome confounding factors such as learnercharacteristics or organizational factors onprogram outcome achievement (1).Kirkpatrick, like many traditional programevaluation models, focuses on proving something(i.e. outcome achievement) about a program. Thus,it is usually conducted at the end of the program.CIPP, on the other hand, acknowledges programimprovement, so providing useful informationfor decision makers during all phases of programdevelopment even when the program is still beingdeveloped (7). The NWKM has broadened thescope of traditional model by adding someprocess measures enabling evaluators to interpretthe outcome evaluation results, but with the aimof proving an educational program.Overall, notwithstanding some improvement,NWKM has still some theoretical differenceswith the CIPP model resulting in variedmethodological and practical preferences.However, it is not unexpected to witness moreconvergence around these evaluation models withgreater knowledge and experience in the future.

Continuous evaluation of midwives as to professional standards

ZAHRA YAZDANPANAHI; AZAR NEMATOLLAHI; MAHBOUBE HAJI FOGHAHA; SEZANEH HAGHPANAH

Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2013, , Pages 100-103

Abstract

Introduction: Implementation of professional standards as well as evaluation and assessments of providers has an important role in health promotion of each society. The purpose of this ... Read More

Multiple faces of narcissistic leadership in Medical Education

DINESH KUMAR V

Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2019, , Pages 103-105

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.44705

Abstract

Narcissism, being the critical part of the toxic leadership paradigm,has its own impact in the education sphere. Contrastingly,leader’s narcissism cannot be simply underweighted ... Read More

Being a departmental head – what does it mean? Emphasizing the salience and shades in medical academia

S.S.S.N RAJASEKHAR; DINESH KUMAR. V

Volume 8, Issue 2 , April 2020, , Pages 105-106

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.81476.1009

Abstract

Dear Editor, When an academician or clinician assumes the chair of department, multiple responsibilities dawn upon the chair that requires appropriate analysis and effective decision-making ... Read More

Relationship between organizational structure and creativity in teaching hospitals

RITA REZAEE; SAADAT MARHAMATI; PARISA NABEIEI; RAHELEH MARHAMATI

Volume 2, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 131-134

Abstract

Introduction: Organization structure and manpower constitute two basiccomponents of anorganization and both are necessary for stablishing anorganization. The aim of this survey was ... Read More

A study on capabilities required in military medicine to develop modular training courses: a qualitative study

ALI DANA; MOJGAN MOHAMMADIMEHR

Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2017, , Pages 134-147

Abstract

Introduction: The main mission of military medicine in the worldis to support the health and treatment of the military in relationto issues, risks, injuries and diseases that arise ... Read More

Faculty members’ viewpoints about the present and the ideal teacher evaluation system in Tehran University of Medical Sciences

PEIVAND BASTANI; MITRA AMINI; KEYGHOBAD TAHER NEJAD; NASRIN SHAARBAFCHI ZADEH

Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 140-147

Abstract

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the most importantstrengths and weaknesses of the present evaluation system in Tehran University of Medical Sciences and achieve ... Read More

Qualitative evaluation of general practitioner training program as viewed by graduates from Shiraz, Fasa and Jahrom Medical Universities

FATEMEH SHAHIDI; MOHAMMAD MEHDI SAQEB; MITRA AMINI; ABOLGHASEM AVAND; HAMID REZA DOWLATKHAH

Volume 3, Issue 3 , July 2015, , Pages 142-149

Abstract

of higher education into focus in the past few years. They havetried to improve the quality of their own higher education. Thestudies show that Iranian Universities are not at an accepted ... Read More

Smart Phones in Research: A tool for data capture by undergraduate medical students during Re-Orientation of Medical Education (ROME) training

CHANDAR SAHANAA; AMIT KUMAR MISHRA; ANANDAN VELAVAN; SUNDERAMURTHY BHUVANESWARY; MANI MERCY

Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 142-143

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.41018

Abstract

Dear Editor, Re-Orientation of Medical Education(ROME), a one month posting ofundergraduate students in department ofCommunity Medicine, is used not only to buildup the knowledge, attitude, ... Read More Dear Editor, Re-Orientation of Medical Education(ROME), a one month posting ofundergraduate students in department ofCommunity Medicine, is used not only to buildup the knowledge, attitude, communication andclinical skills, but also to make the physician incontact with the community efficiently. In 1977,the ROME scheme aimed at developing medicaldoctors for the rural community in the visionof medical education, which later envisagedtraining a basic doctor to serve better at the firstcontact with rural and urban community (1, 2).During the posting, the students conducted houseto house survey in rural and urban communitiesand prepared a detailed report of the researchactivities and planned intervention based on theneeds of the community.World consumption of paper has grown 400%in the last four decades. About 35% of the totaltrees cut around the world are used in paperindustries (3). To reduce the paper consumption,The Ugandan Ministry of Health advocated theuse of smart phones in integrated communitycase management approach for health careproviders for child health (4). Every year inROME more than thousands of pages of papersare used for data collection. As a small initiativeto save paper in this year (2018) ROME training,completely paper-less questionnaires were madeand used. Smart phones were used as a tool fordata collection and data entry. Even in the largescale surveys, data capture can be easily done(5). Epicollect5 software (developed by ImperialCollege London funded by the Wellcome trust)was used to collect data through a mobile app.The mobile based data collection has benefitsover paper-based approaches. The Epicollect5software enables the creators or managersto identify the errors and allows mid-coursecorrection in minimal time. The instances ofdata entry error/missing data can be avoidedby applying checks at the data entry point. Thedata are transferred to a central server near –instantaneously; therefore, the data are storedand backed up securely, and the risk of dataloss is minimal. Epicollect5 is available for bothAndroid (4.4+) and iOS (8+)-based mobile phonesin play store and app store, respectively. There arevarious resources for mobile phone-based datacollection solutions (6).As the students are familiar with the smart phones, training requirements were almostminimal. The students grasped it in almost realtime.It would be right to say the technology hasimbibed the younger generation more, than beinglearnt by them.Use of mobile phones was so convenient,feasible and user-friendly to capture data(data collection as well as data entry). By theend of day 5 of data collection by a group of40 undergraduate students, the total numbersof households covered were 963 and 3527individuals. During the survey period, a batchof 150 undergraduate students collected the dataof around 15575 individuals by using this mobileapp. This actually reduced the time and costsinvolved in acquiring or maintaining dedicatedtools for data capture. The app also gives anopportunity to collect audios, videos and GPSco-ordinates. As compared to previous years'ROME posting which were done in a similarsetting with paper-based questionnaire; the totalnumber of participants interviewed by a group of30-35 students were around 2200 to 2600 over aperiod of 10 days of data collection which wasfollowed by another 5 days of data entry in MSExcel/ EpiData software.Appropriate use of technology in researchhelped the students to minimize the hours spentin data collection and entry and provoked theirinterest in research since the app-based datacollection was more interesting as compared topaper-based approach for them.

How COVID-19 pandemic can lead to promotion of remote medical education and democratization of education?

ALIREZA EBRAHIMI; SEDIGHEH EBRAHIMI; SOHEIL ASHKANI ESFAHANI

Volume 8, Issue 3 , July 2020, , Pages 144-145

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2020.86090.1217

Abstract

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been compared to 1918 and 1957 influenza pandemics which took many human lives. The lockdown of cities and educational organizations –which ... Read More

Impact of utilisation of uncompleted handouts on power point presentations (PPT) in rural Indian medical institute

ROSHAN BHAISARE; BHAVNA KAMBLE

Volume 4, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 145-149

Abstract

Introduction: Note taking while attending a PPT requires highactivity of memory and writing process which ultimately leadsto what is called “death by power point” referring to boredomand ... Read More

The students' intentions and satisfaction with the field of study and university

ALI NOORAFSHAN; SAEEDEH POURAHMAD; MOHAMMAD MAHDI SAGHEB; ALI DEHGHANINAZHVANI; ALI DEHSHAHRI; MANIJEH ABDOLLAHI; ZEYNAB MOHEBBI; ZAHRA KESHTKARAN; AFSANEH AHMADI; SOMAYEH KAVOUSIPOUR; FARIBA FARAHMAND; HAMIDREZA KHORRAMI; ROBABEH SOLTANI; SAIED KARBALAY DOUST

Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 176-182

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to find an appropriate method toinform senior high school students to correctly select their academic field ofstudy and their intentions.Methods: ... Read More Introduction: The present study aimed to find an appropriate method toinform senior high school students to correctly select their academic field ofstudy and their intentions.Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study. A verifiedquestionnaire was given to a total of 2600 students selected by stratified random sampling method (ten different colleges and entrance year from the 1st to 4th are considered as the strata). The position of the present field of study (major) among the list of the fields in the entrance exam was asked. The students’ methods of familiarity with different fields of study in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), the reasons for their selection, the students’ motivation and insistence on studying in the same field and university were asked in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent two samples t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-Square test.Results: The most significant references for university field selection were high school teachers, the students' parents and the adjacency of university to one's living place. Also, the results revealed the good reputation of SUMS in the first year and its downward trend during the following years. 59.4% of the 1st year students were satisfied with their field of study and SUMS. 31.8% were satisfied with the university but not with their fields of study. 6.4% were dissatisfied with the university but not with their fields of study. 2% of the students were dissatisfied with both their fields of study and university. Dissatisfaction with SUMS and field of study increased little by little so that the results obtained among the students who had entered the university earlier (in the 4th year of their study) showed nearly 16.3% dissatisfaction with both the university and the study fields .Conclusion: The methods for introducing the university are recommended tobe revised.Keywords: Medical student, Intention, Satisfaction

Current state of professional and core competency in pediatric residency program at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences: A local survey

SEDIGHEH EBRAHIMI; RITA REZAEE

Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, , Pages 183-188

Abstract

Introduction: Accreditation assesses performance, or capacity toperform, against predetermined standards. It typically combinesexternal quality assurance, through a process of peers ... Read More Introduction: Accreditation assesses performance, or capacity toperform, against predetermined standards. It typically combinesexternal quality assurance, through a process of peers review,with elements of self-regulation through internal and selfdirectedassessment. This study is an attempt to identify thequality of pediatrics residency educational programs regardingpredetermined standards.Methods: This descriptive-analytical evaluation study of appliedtype was conducted during 2010 and 2011 in the pediatrics departmentof Shiraz Medical School, Iran. The assessment process occurredin several phases; at first an assessment model for a residencyeducational development and a series of educational criteria andindices were created based on WFME Standards. Multiple methodsincluding a self-assessment questionnaire and several checklistswere used to collect data, whereas systematic site visit, peer reviewand document reviewing were conducted with survey team. Due tolimitation of the statistical society, all faculty members (n=34) andresidents (n=41) of the pediatric department were asked to completethe survey. At last, descriptive and deductive statistics data analysiswas performed using SPSS version 14.Results: According to the records available in assessing programquality, it seems that the input criteria were desirable for theprogram based on the residents’ viewpoints (86.6%).There wereproper physical facilities for them to meet the residency programgoals. The study indicated that the learning environment neededto be revised for the educational needs (Likert scale: 2.96±1.05).The peer evaluation team demonstrated achievement of missionfulfillment in the context of the objectives and indicators bymeeting the desired themes. In spite of some weaknesses inthe process criteria, the criteria for output indicators were goodaccording to the report (more than desired level of 75-80%).Conclusion: Accreditation is an important step towards strengtheningthe quality of educational programs. According to this study thecurrent status of the pediatrics department of Shiraz Universityof Medical Sciences was desirable leading to a satisfactory levelin general. However, additional educational development will beneeded in order to achieve a widespread change and improvement.Keywords: Accreditation; Standard; Pediatric

Academic nepotism – all that glitters is not gold

DINESH KUMAR. V

Volume 6, Issue 4 , October 2018, , Pages 186-187

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.41026

Abstract

Dear Editor With increasing emphasis on publications forfaculty recruitment, career advancementand obtaining research grants, the issues relatedto author kinship and academic nepotism ... Read More Dear Editor With increasing emphasis on publications forfaculty recruitment, career advancementand obtaining research grants, the issues relatedto author kinship and academic nepotism havegrown significantly and these probably reflectthe inflationary growth rather than the optimalgrowth warranted due to increasing researchcomplexity. Allesina S (1) measured the fullmagnitude of nepotism in the Italian academiaand found that this pervasive problem was ablemish that undercuts the quality of advancededucation over there. According to her, thisprocess of showing favouritism towards closerelatives incentivize illegal hiring practices andguarantees their career advancement regardlessof their merit. Even though the analysis ofshared last names cannot be considered a validtool for measuring the diffusion of nepotism inany organization (2), we cannot deny its sheerexistence.An analysis of 12,772 papers published in PLOSONE showed that 48% of the listed co-authors didnot fulfil the criteria for authorship, as their rolewas meagre or absent in drafting the manuscript(3). If we extrapolate these data to any settings,we could enunciate that a substantial amount ofpapers hoist the name of an expert (preferablythe kin of primary investigator) belonging to anentirely different specialty or giving an authorshipinstead of mere acknowledgement. Prosperi M etal. (4) analyzed more than 21 million MEDLINE/PubMed-indexed papers and documented that kinauthorship is a big menace for India, Italy andPoland. Measuring nepotism is highly unlikelyin India, owing to the facts that Indian women inacademia prefer to maintain their maiden namesand wide usage of surnames. Number of casesinvolving their spouses, lovers and domesticpartners would largely go underestimated,thereby causing the statistical models to fail.In the past, the recruitment and promotionmechanisms were tacit, which had measured theeducational and research qualities in an informalmanner. This, on one hand gave rise to negativeconnotations regarding nepotism and, on theother hand, led to the formation of “academicdynasties” in Indian medical academia. Sincethe evolution of “publish or perish” culture,the hiring/promotion process was replaced bya formal, explicit and individually measurableindex. The existing scenario can be crosssectionedby a participant’s comment in the studyconducted by Anderson et al. (5), “You can failto do everything else as long as you have lots andlots of papers.” In the process of conferring theaggregate output or research productivity, whichis a mere ‘pseudo-halo’, accomplished researchersor clinicians sometimes promulgate their spousesor get involved in reciprocal co-authorship, whichis yet another version of academic nepotism. Ina latest paper, Rivera H (6) proposes a 3 stepscheme for validating the genuine collaborationand calls for a focused evaluation of researchproductivity.In summary, I wish to address the leastsignified and unintended consequence of thepresent day evaluation/appraisal mechanismwhereby a scholar is potentially assessed by thenumber of publications he/she has. Consideringthe fact that history of research in global arenahad witnessed conjoint efforts from egalitariancouples, blanket recommendations are difficult tobe made. Nevertheless, we should not forget thefact that academic nepotism often depresses thehealth care professionals and adversely affectstheir morale. I wish to conclude that academicnepotism is yet another ethical dilemma,which every administrator/selection committeemember needs to face and at times of makingcrucial decisions (like hiring for a job) it is theresponsibility of them to uphold the legitimateinterests of the organization, more than personalaffiliations.

Evaluation of medical education virtual program: P3 model

RITA REZAEE; NASRIN SHOKRPOUR; MARYAM BOROUMAND

Volume 4, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 202-205

Abstract

Introduction: In e-learning, people get involved in a processand create the content (product) and make it available for virtuallearners. The present study was carried out in order to ... Read More

Experiences of nursing students of evidence-based practice education according to rogers’ diffusion of innovation model: a directed content analysis

SHAHZAD PASHAEYPOOR; TAHEREH ASHKTORAB; MARYAM RASSOULI; HAMID ALAVI_MAJD

Volume 5, Issue 4 , October 2017, , Pages 203-208

Abstract

Introduction: Evidence based practice (EBP) education isessential in promoting of clinical care, but an effective educationalstrategy for teaching EBP in nursing faculties is not available.The ... Read More

The application of formal axiology to medical education through the hartman value profile: a prospective cohort study

BEATRIZ NISTAL-NUÑO

Volume 7, Issue 4 , October 2019, , Pages 213-219

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.81465.1007

Abstract

Introduction: Many criteria such as USMLE scores, applicant resumes, Dean’s letters, ecommendation letters, personal discussions, interview scores and medical school ... Read More

Professionalism among academic educational leaders: A concept analysis

HENGAMEH HABIBI; SHOALEH BIGDELI; ZOHREH SOHRABI; ABBAS EBADI

Volume 10, Issue 4 , October 2022, , Pages 259-266

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.93131.1517

Abstract

Introduction: The concept of professional ethics of academic educational leaders is an abstract concept for which severalhighly context-dependent definitions have been provided in the ... Read More

Survey of professional ethics observance degree among managers and staff of teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

FARZAD MAHMOUDIAN; SEYED ZIAEDDIN TABEI; PARISA NABEIEI; NEDA MOADAB; MEHRNAZ MARDANI; ZAHRA HOUSHMAND SARVESTANI; ZAHRA GHASEMI

Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 38-41

Abstract

Introduction: Professional ethics is a very important issue for managerswho are role models for students and staff. It can also be very effective in organizational activities. The ... Read More

A study on the quality of study skills of newly-admitted students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences

FATEMEH SHAHIDI; HAMID REZA DOWLATKHAH; ABOLGHASEM AVAND; SEYED REZA MUSAVI; ELAHEH MOHAMMADI

Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2014, , Pages 45-50

Abstract

Introduction: Some students attribute their academic failure to such factorsas low aptitude, unavailability of resources, and bad luck. However, we candare to say that the most important ... Read More Introduction: Some students attribute their academic failure to such factorsas low aptitude, unavailability of resources, and bad luck. However, we candare to say that the most important factor playing a role in academic successis students’ little acquaintance with learning and study skills. This study aimedat examining the quality of study skills in newly-admitted students of FasaMedical University so that the results can be used in holding teaching coursesin study skills.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The samplingwas done of all the newly-admitted students in the first semester of 2012-13academic year including 94 students of Medicine, Nursing and LaboratoryTechnology. The data were collected through a questionnaire, consisting oftwo parts. The first part included items on demographic information of thesubjects (such as sex, field of study, number of hours dedicated to studying,student’s rank in Konkour, and the National University entrance exam. Thesecond part was composed of 19 special items on such domains as ‘Timemanagement’, ‘Concentration’, ‘Class note-taking’, ‘Studying’ and ‘Taking exams’with 4, 5, 4, 3, 3 items, respectively. The checklists were filled in using Likertscale. The collected data was then analyzed using an SPSS 14, through whichdescriptive statistics as mean, standard deviation and multiple regressions wereobtained. Moreover, the data were analyzed using Independent Sample T andANOVA tests.Results: The results showed that the range of the students’ study skills was2.35, being rather below the normal level; the highest mean belonged to‘concentration’(2.56), but the lowest mean was that of ‘time management’(2.05). Through ANOVA test, it was also shown that there was no significantdifference between the students of Medicine, Nursing and LaboratorySciences regarding their scores on ‘study skills’ as (p=0.646). In addition,through independent sample t-test, it was shown that there was no significantdifference between the subjects’ ‘sex’ and ‘study skills’ as the p-value was0.584. On the other hand, through multiple regressions, the results indicatedthat there was a significant difference between ‘Taking exams’ and ‘Studying’(p=0.0003), between ‘Class note-taking’ and ‘‘Taking exams’ (p=0.0004),between ‘Concentration’ and ‘Taking exams’ (p=0.00025), and between ‘Timemanagement’ and ‘Taking exams’ (p=0.00001). Overall, Class note-taking’ wasproved to have the greatest effect on ‘Taking exams’ (B=1.58).Conclusion: Regarding the very important role of study skills in learning, it isrecommended that ‘study skills’ and ‘study habits’ courses be included in thestudents’ curriculum formally or implemented as workshops for students.Keywords: Skills, Students, Learning

Change as an opportunity - Collaborative research in a fluctuating global landscape

MICHAEL Y MAHGEREFTEH; NIKHIL V MATH; AVI A KORMAN

Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 47-48

https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2018.41037

Abstract

Dear Editor, We note with great enthusiasm the advancesto the medical field that have been broughtabout by international collaboration betweenmedical researchers in different countries.Collaboration ... Read More Dear Editor, We note with great enthusiasm the advancesto the medical field that have been broughtabout by international collaboration betweenmedical researchers in different countries.Collaboration occurs when “2 or more entitieswork together to produce a desired and sharedoutcome” (1). Literature on the topic notesspecifically the strategic alignment of globalpartnerships with global health priorities, (2)and how international collaboration advancesthese goals through research teams workingtogether on such projects. Indeed, it is not onlyin research, but also in medical practice andeducation where important strides are oftenmade by observing and importing the healthcareand education practices of other countries (3).The medical community in Iran hascontributed admirably to the global advancementof medicine. According to the Scopus index, in2015 Iran ranked first for the number of scientificpapers published and number of citations, bothin its region and among all Islamic countries (4).Furthermore, the research ranking of IranianUniversities has been consistently high andimproving over time (5).However, in a constantly fluctuating globallandscape, it may become increasingly difficultfor Iranian institutions to maintain internationalcollaborative efforts over time, and to buildnew ones. With the introduction of US travelrestrictions for Iranians (amongst others), travelto the US for conferences, research projects,observerships, etc. have become significantlymore problematic (6). Naturally, this is likely tonegatively affect the Iranian medical communityin its efforts and advancements. The networksand connections made at international meetingsthroughout the world can act as a gateway tocollaborative projects and research. In reducingthe capacity for Iranian scientists to involvethemselves, there is an inherent risk to thecapacity for progression of medical research andpractice in Iran.Considering the value of the Iranian medicalcommunity and the challenges it faces, we urgestrengthening of the efforts for collaborationamong its scientists and medical practitionersand the rest of the world. An opportunity existsfor ties to be formed and relationships to bestrengthened where they previously were weakor non-existent. At Imperial College London,we note wholeheartedly the many members offaculty and frontline medical staff who havecome from Iran, bringing tangible advances totheir specialist fields. We believe there is now achance to reinforce this scientific relationship.Cross-collaboration through medical conferences,mutual travel grants to other countries, andactive participation of scientists and cliniciansof Iranian descent can all be utilised to fortifythis relationship. One particular aspect that maybe used is the strength of Iran within medicalbiotechnology (7). Moreover, partnershipsin newer fields, such as remote healthcareprocedures and services, represent anotherchance to overcome the difficulties in travel facedby Iranian scientists.

Volume 12 (2024)

Volume 11 (2023)

Volume 10 (2022)

Volume 9 (2021)

Volume 8 (2020)

Volume 7 (2019)

Volume 6 (2018)

Volume 5 (2017)

Volume 4 (2016)

Volume 3 (2015)

Volume 2 (2014)

Volume 1 (2013)

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